By Ashley Best, M.S.
Summer Electrolyte and Water Strategies for Optimal Equine Health
Summer heat in Georgia can be relentless—not just for us, but for our horses too. As temperatures soar and humidity rises, equine hydration becomes more than a comfort issue; it’s a matter of health, performance, and sometimes survival. With sweat losses increasing during work and turnout, it’s essential for owners to understand how to support horses with proper water access and balanced electrolyte management.
Why Water Isn’t Enough in the Heat
Horses can lose up to 4 gallons of sweat per hour during intense activity in hot weather. Sweat loss depletes not just water but also critical electrolytes—especially sodium, chloride, and potassium. When these aren’t replaced, horses may experience reduced performance, delayed recovery, and in severe cases, heat stress or colic.
Water alone doesn’t always encourage a horse to drink or replace lost minerals. That’s where electrolyte supplementation comes in.
Understanding Electrolytes
Electrolytes are minerals that regulate nerve and muscle function, hydration, blood pH, and other vital processes. In horses, the most important electrolytes are:
- Sodium (Na): Encourages drinking and is essential for nerve/muscle function
- Chloride (Cl): Works with sodium to maintain fluid balance
- Potassium (K): Supports muscle and heart function
- Calcium (Ca) & Magnesium (Mg): Also involved in muscle function and sweat regulation
Electrolyte losses vary by sweat rate, which is influenced by exercise intensity, temperature, and humidity. If not replenished, imbalances can lead to symptoms ranging from muscle cramps to dangerous conditions like synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (“thumps”).
When to Supplement
According to research from the NRC’s Nutrient Requirements of Horses, electrolyte supplementation is appropriate:
- Before and after strenuous exercise, especially in hot, humid conditions
- During multi-day travel or shows, where stress and sweat loss are compounded
- For horses that are sweating excessively during pasture turnout or trailering
Avoid using electrolytes daily without need—they are not a substitute for free-choice minerals and can be irritating if a horse is already dehydrated. Always offer clean, fresh water alongside electrolytes.
Practical Tips for Summer Hydration
- Provide Constant Access to Clean Water
Horses typically drink 5–15 gallons/day, but this can double in hot weather. Keep buckets and troughs clean and shaded when possible. - Offer Salt
Free-choice plain white salt blocks or loose salt help meet daily sodium needs and encourage drinking. A 1,000-lb horse needs about 1–2 ounces of salt/day, more if sweating. - Use Electrolytes Strategically
Choose a balanced supplement with sodium, chloride, and potassium. Paste, powder, or electrolyte-added water can all be effective. Start supplementation before heavy work, not after dehydration occurs. Sugar is added for palatability but should not exceed 10% of the total analysis. - Monitor Hydration
Use the skin pinch test, observe gum moisture, and track water consumption. Decreased appetite, dark urine, or tacky gums can signal dehydration. - Offer Water with and without Electrolytes
Some horses will refuse flavored water. Always provide plain water as an option to prevent reduced intake.
Consider consulting with your veterinarian to ensure electrolyte supplementation is right for your horse. Summer heat doesn’t have to mean stress and setbacks. With strategic hydration management and electrolyte support, horses can stay healthy, comfortable, and ready to perform—even in the Georgia sun.
More Electrolyte Extension Resources
Electrolytes for the Performance Horse